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GMAT语法知识:代词到底可以多“模糊”?

2016年04月28日17:58     智库商学院     阅读量:

  很多备考GMAT的考生往往都被语汇所误导,从而导致失分,所以接下来小编就为大家简单介绍下GMAT考试中的宇汇词法:

一、Some Ambiguity Is Acceptable有些特定的模糊是可以接受的

  首先,在规范的英语写作中,一个句子中的每个代词应该只有一个先行词。也就是说,假如句子中有两个it,其中一个代表A,另外一个代表B,这种用法是错误。

  其次,GMAT语法倾向于用same class的代词代表同一个名词。It与its是同一class,they,them和their是同一class。但是,这只是优先考虑的答案,并不是排除答案的规律。GMAT中有一些句子,用同一class里的代词指代不同的名词,如Researchers claim to havedeveloped new “nano-papers”incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which THEY allege give THEM the strength of cast iron.

  They,是谁声称?当然是研究者,所以they指代researchers;而them是指研究者吗?让谁更强韧呢?当然是纳米纸了,所以them指代nano-papers。

  这在GMAT考试中是可以接受的,如果选项中没有更加清晰且语法正确的句子,那么上面的句子就是最优选项。

  为减少模糊,可以改成下面的写法

  Right: Researchers claim tohave developed new “nano-papers” incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, whichgive THESE MATERIALS the strength of cast iron, according to the researchers.

  再次,If you spot a split between a pronoun and a regular noun, chancesare good that the correct answer will use the regular noun, since that usagewill prevent any possible misreading of a pronoun.就像上面的例子,名词nano-paper与代词them不相邻,这样容易造成模糊,所以用regular noun “thesematerials”而不是代词。

  最后,选项中只含一个代词,却有很多可能的先行词,怎么判断?

  GMAT有时认为这是错的,有时可以接受这种模糊,那到底要怎么判断呢?以后的chapter 12里会讲到。

二、problem set in chapter 7

  Bold all the pronouns in the followingsentences. Underline the antecedent, if there is one, of each pronoun.If you notice any pronoun errors in a sentence, correct the sentence byaltering the pronoun(s). Explain what rules are violated by the incorrectsentences. If a sentence is correct, mark it with the word CORRECT.

  1.When the guestsfinished their soup, they were brought plates of salad.

  CORRECT. 句中guests是代词their和they的先行词。

  有没有人像楼主一样疑惑为什么they were brought要用被动语态,然后想应该是东西被拿上来。但是客人是被服务的,所以这里应该用被动,也没有代词上的歧义。

  2.All students need his or her own copy of the textbook in order to take the class.

  All students是his or her的先行词。然而all students是复数,所以代词也应该用复数形式的their

  改为:All students need their own copy of the textbook in order to take the class.

  3.When tetrapodsdeveloped lungs, theybecame the first amphibians capable of surviving onland.

  Tetrapods四足动物,amphibian两栖动物

  CORRECT. Tetrapods是they的先行词。有些同学也许会疑惑,they前面有两个名词复数tetrapods和lungs,这难道不会造成模糊吗?GMAT允许这样的模糊,因为从逻辑上讲lungs不可以是they的先行词。

  • 来源|GMAT备考

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